TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL CAMPAIGNS FOR OPPORTUNISTIC RADIO SPECTRUM ACCESS FOR EFFICIENT RADIO SPECTRUM UTILIZATION AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Keywords:
Radio spectrum, Spectrum holes, Cognitive radio, Traditional radio, Cognitive capabilityAbstract
This paper advocates for replacement of the current fixed allocation policy for the radio spectrum access and usage with opportunistic spectrum access (OSA) based on the imbalance the fixed allocation policy has created between radio spectrum scarcity and underutilization. In supporting the proposal, justification was made from technical and economical perspectives. From the technical point of view, it was practically demonstrated through radio spectrum occupancy measurements conducted that spectrum holes, which is the primary requirement for OSA is available in the nation’s current licensed spectrum. Similarly, from the economic point of view, the paper makes it clear that if the use of the current fixed allocation policy for radio spectrum access and usage is contributing so much now to the gross domestic product (GDP) of nations despite its current disadvantages, there is potential of getting more from it if the access and usage of the radio spectrum can be replaced with OSA. Also, the results of the radio spectrum occupancy measurements conducted show clearly that the current fixed radio spectrum allocation policy is grossly inefficient with over 70% of the licensed spectrum unutilized in space, time and frequency. Based on this disadvantage, this paper advocates for the replacement of the current fixed radio spectrum allocation policy with flexible policy for both the efficient radio spectrum access and usage.
References
Akyildiz, I.F., Lee, W-Y. and Chowdhury, K.R. (2009). CRAHNs: Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks, Ad Hoc Network, 7(5): 810-836.
Akyildiz, I.F., Lee, W-Y., Vuran, M.C. and Mohanty, S. (2008). A Survey on Spectrum Management in Cognitive Radio Networks, IEEE Communications Magazine, 46(4): 40-48.
Akyildiz, I.F., Lee, W-Y., Vuran, M.C. and Mohanty, S. (2006). Next Generation/Dynamic Spectrum Access/Cognitive Radio Wireless Networks: A Survey, Computer Networks, 50(13): 2127-2159.
Ayeni, A.A., Faruk, N., Bello, O.W., Sowande, O.A., Onidare, S.O. and Muhammad, M.Y. (2016). Spectrum Occupancy Measurenets and Analysis in the 2.4 2.7 GHz Band in Urban and Rural Environments, International Journal of Future Computer and Communication, 5(3): 142147.
Ayugi, G., Akisophel Kisolo, A. and Ireeta, T.W. (2015). Telecommunication Frequency Band Spectrum Occupancy in Kampala Uganda, International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 4(9): 390-396.
Barnes, S.D., Janson van Vuuren, P.A. and Maharaj, B.T. (2013). Spectrum occupancy investigation:
Measurements in South Africa, Measurement, 46(9): 3098-3112
Chang, H-B. and Chen, K-C. (2010). Auction-Based Spectrum Management of Cognitive Radio Networks,†IEEE Transaction on Vehicular Technology, 59(4): 1923-1935.
Chen, R.; Park, J-M. and Reed, J.H. (2008). Defense against Primary User Emulation Attacks in Cognitive Radio Networks, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 26(1): 25-37.
ComReg-1650 (2016). Radio Spectrum Management Strategy Statement 2016-2018, pp. 1-70, Online [Available]: https://www.comreg.ie/media/dlm_uploads/2016/12/ComReg-1650-design.pdf. Accessed on March 11, 2017.
Giweli, N., Shahrestani, S. and Cheung, H. (2015). Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks: QoS Considerations, in Proceedings of Seventh International Conference on Networks and Communications, Sydney, Australia, 2015. DOI : 10.5121/csit.2015.51602.
Haykin, S. (2005). Cognitive Radio: Brain-Empowered Wireless Communications, IEEE IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 23(2): 201-220.
Jayavalan, S., Mohamad, H., Aripin, N.M., Ismail, A., Ramli, N., Yaacob, A. and Ng., M.A. (2014). Lecture Notes on Software Engineering, 2(2): 133-138.
Jondral, F.K. (2005). Software-Defined Radio — Basic and Evolution to Cognitive Radio. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communication and Networking, 3: 275-283.
Lataief, K. B. and Zhang, W. (2009). Cooperative communications for cognitive radio networks, Proceedings of the IEEE, 97(5): 878–893.
Lopez-Benitez, M., Umbert, A. and Casadevall, F. (2009). Evaluation of Spectrum Occupancy in Spain for Cognitive Radio Applications, in Proceedings of 69th IEEE Vehicular Technology, Barcelona, Spain, 26-29 April 2009, pp. 1-5. DOI: 10.1109/VETECS.2009.5073544.
Mehdawi, M., Riley, N., Paulson, K., Fanan, A. and Ammar, M. (2013). Spectrum Occupancy Survey in HULL-UK for Cognitive Radio Applications: Measurement and Analysis, International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 2(4): 231-236.
Minges, M. (2016). Exploring the Relationship between Broadband and Economic Growth, World Development Report, pp. 1-21. Online [Available]: http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/391452529895999/WDR16-BP-Exploring-the-Relationship-between-Broadband-and-Economic-Growth-Minges.pdf. Accessed on March 11, 2017.
Popoola, J.J., Ogunlana, O.A., Ajie, F.O., Olakunle, O., Akiogbe, O.A., Ani-Initi, S.M. and Omotola, S.K. (2016). Dynamic spectrum access: A new paradigm of converting radio spectrum wastage to wealth. International Journal of Engineering Technologies, 2(3): 124-131.
Popoola, J.J. and van Olst. R. (2014). A Survey on Dynamic Spectrum Access via Cognitive Radio: Taxonomy, Requirements, and Benefits. Universal Journal of Communications and Network, 2(4): 70-85
Popoola, J. J. and van Olst, R. (2013). The performance evaluation of a spectrum sensing implementation using an automatic modulation classification detection method with a Universal Software Radio Peripheral. Expert Sy stems with Applications, 40(6): 2165-2173.
Popoola, J.J., Ponnle, A.A. and Ale, T.O. (2011). Reliability worth assessment of electric power utility in Nigeria: Residential customer survey
results. Assumption University Journal of Technology, 14(3): 217-224.
Popoola, J. J. and van Olst, R. (2011). A novel modulation-sensing method: Remedy for uncertainty around the practical use of cognitive radio technology. IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, 6(3): 60–69.
Popoola, J.J. and van Olst, R. (2010). Dynamic Spectrum Access as an Alternative Radio Spectrum Regulation System, in Proceedings of 2nd IEEE Region 8 History of Telecommunications Conference, Madrid, Spain, Nov. 3-5 2010. DOI: 10.1109/HISTELCON.2010.5735308.
Prasad,V., Pawelczak, P., Hoffmeyer, J.A. and Berger, H.S. (2008). Cognitive Functionality in Next Generation Wireless Networks: Standardization Efforts, IEEE Communications Magazine, 46(4): 72-78.
Salisu, U. and Ibrahim, E.Y. (2014). Institutions, Telecommunications and Economic Performance in Nigeria, Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 5(18): 110-122.
Valenta, V., Marsalek, R., Baudoin, G., Villegas, M., Suarez, M. and Robert, F. (2010). Survey on Spectrum Utilization in Europe: Measurements, Analyses and Observations, in Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications, Cannes, France, 9-11 June 2010, 1-5. Online [Available]: http://eudl.eu/doi/10.4108/icst.crowncom2010.9220. Accessed on March 11, 2017.
Wang, B. and Liu, K.J.R. (2011). Advances in Cognitive Radio Networks: A Survey, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, 5(1): 5-23.
.
Akyildiz, I.F., Lee, W-Y. and Chowdhury, K.R. (2009). CRAHNs: Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks, Ad Hoc Network, 7(5): 810-836.
Akyildiz, I.F., Lee, W-Y., Vuran, M.C. and Mohanty, S. (2008). A Survey on Spectrum Management in Cognitive Radio Networks, IEEE Communications Magazine, 46(4): 40-48.
Akyildiz, I.F., Lee, W-Y., Vuran, M.C. and Mohanty, S. (2006). Next Generation/Dynamic Spectrum Access/Cognitive Radio Wireless Networks: A Survey, Computer Networks, 50(13): 2127-2159.
Ayeni, A.A., Faruk, N., Bello, O.W., Sowande, O.A., Onidare, S.O. and Muhammad, M.Y. (2016). Spectrum Occupancy Measurenets and Analysis in the 2.4 2.7 GHz Band in Urban and Rural Environments, International Journal of Future Computer and Communication, 5(3): 142147.
Ayugi, G., Akisophel Kisolo, A. and Ireeta, T.W. (2015). Telecommunication Frequency Band Spectrum Occupancy in Kampala Uganda, International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 4(9): 390-396.
Barnes, S.D., Janson van Vuuren, P.A. and Maharaj, B.T. (2013). Spectrum occupancy investigation:
Measurements in South Africa, Measurement, 46(9): 3098-3112
Chang, H-B. and Chen, K-C. (2010). Auction-Based Spectrum Management of Cognitive Radio Networks,†IEEE Transaction on Vehicular Technology, 59(4): 1923-1935.
Chen, R.; Park, J-M. and Reed, J.H. (2008). Defense against Primary User Emulation Attacks in Cognitive Radio Networks, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 26(1): 25-37.
ComReg-1650 (2016). Radio Spectrum Management Strategy Statement 2016-2018, pp. 1-70, Online [Available]: https://www.comreg.ie/media/dlm_uploads/2016/12/ComReg-1650-design.pdf. Accessed on March 11, 2017.
Giweli, N., Shahrestani, S. and Cheung, H. (2015). Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks: QoS Considerations, in Proceedings of Seventh International Conference on Networks and Communications, Sydney, Australia, 2015. DOI : 10.5121/csit.2015.51602.
Haykin, S. (2005). Cognitive Radio: Brain-Empowered Wireless Communications, IEEE IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 23(2): 201-220.
Jayavalan, S., Mohamad, H., Aripin, N.M., Ismail, A., Ramli, N., Yaacob, A. and Ng., M.A. (2014). Lecture Notes on Software Engineering, 2(2): 133-138.
Jondral, F.K. (2005). Software-Defined Radio — Basic and Evolution to Cognitive Radio. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communication and Networking, 3: 275-283.
Lataief, K. B. and Zhang, W. (2009). Cooperative communications for cognitive radio networks, Proceedings of the IEEE, 97(5): 878–893.
Lopez-Benitez, M., Umbert, A. and Casadevall, F. (2009). Evaluation of Spectrum Occupancy in Spain for Cognitive Radio Applications, in Proceedings of 69th IEEE Vehicular Technology, Barcelona, Spain, 26-29 April 2009, pp. 1-5. DOI: 10.1109/VETECS.2009.5073544.
Mehdawi, M., Riley, N., Paulson, K., Fanan, A. and Ammar, M. (2013). Spectrum Occupancy Survey in HULL-UK for Cognitive Radio Applications: Measurement and Analysis, International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 2(4): 231-236.
Minges, M. (2016). Exploring the Relationship between Broadband and Economic Growth, World Development Report, pp. 1-21. Online [Available]: http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/391452529895999/WDR16-BP-Exploring-the-Relationship-between-Broadband-and-Economic-Growth-Minges.pdf. Accessed on March 11, 2017.
Popoola, J.J., Ogunlana, O.A., Ajie, F.O., Olakunle, O., Akiogbe, O.A., Ani-Initi, S.M. and Omotola, S.K. (2016). Dynamic spectrum access: A new paradigm of converting radio spectrum wastage to wealth. International Journal of Engineering Technologies, 2(3): 124-131.
Popoola, J.J. and van Olst. R. (2014). A Survey on Dynamic Spectrum Access via Cognitive Radio: Taxonomy, Requirements, and Benefits. Universal Journal of Communications and Network, 2(4): 70-85
Popoola, J. J. and van Olst, R. (2013). The performance evaluation of a spectrum sensing implementation using an automatic modulation classification detection method with a Universal Software Radio Peripheral. Expert Sy stems with Applications, 40(6): 2165-2173.
Popoola, J.J., Ponnle, A.A. and Ale, T.O. (2011). Reliability worth assessment of electric power utility in Nigeria: Residential customer survey
results. Assumption University Journal of Technology, 14(3): 217-224.
Popoola, J. J. and van Olst, R. (2011). A novel modulation-sensing method: Remedy for uncertainty around the practical use of cognitive radio technology. IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, 6(3): 60–69.
Popoola, J.J. and van Olst, R. (2010). Dynamic Spectrum Access as an Alternative Radio Spectrum Regulation System, in Proceedings of 2nd IEEE Region 8 History of Telecommunications Conference, Madrid, Spain, Nov. 3-5 2010. DOI: 10.1109/HISTELCON.2010.5735308.
Prasad,V., Pawelczak, P., Hoffmeyer, J.A. and Berger, H.S. (2008). Cognitive Functionality in Next Generation Wireless Networks: Standardization Efforts, IEEE Communications Magazine, 46(4): 72-78.
Salisu, U. and Ibrahim, E.Y. (2014). Institutions, Telecommunications and Economic Performance in Nigeria, Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 5(18): 110-122.
Valenta, V., Marsalek, R., Baudoin, G., Villegas, M., Suarez, M. and Robert, F. (2010). Survey on Spectrum Utilization in Europe: Measurements, Analyses and Observations, in Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications, Cannes, France, 9-11 June 2010, 1-5. Online [Available]: http://eudl.eu/doi/10.4108/icst.crowncom2010.9220. Accessed on March 11, 2017.
Wang, B. and Liu, K.J.R. (2011). Advances in Cognitive Radio Networks: A Survey, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, 5(1): 5-23.
.
Akyildiz, I.F., Lee, W-Y. and Chowdhury, K.R. (2009). CRAHNs: Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks, Ad Hoc Network, 7(5): 810-836.
Akyildiz, I.F., Lee, W-Y., Vuran, M.C. and Mohanty, S. (2008). A Survey on Spectrum Management in Cognitive Radio Networks, IEEE Communications Magazine, 46(4): 40-48.
Akyildiz, I.F., Lee, W-Y., Vuran, M.C. and Mohanty, S. (2006). Next Generation/Dynamic Spectrum Access/Cognitive Radio Wireless Networks: A Survey, Computer Networks, 50(13): 2127-2159.
Ayeni, A.A., Faruk, N., Bello, O.W., Sowande, O.A., Onidare, S.O. and Muhammad, M.Y. (2016). Spectrum Occupancy Measurenets and Analysis in the 2.4 2.7 GHz Band in Urban and Rural Environments, International Journal of Future Computer and Communication, 5(3): 142147.
Ayugi, G., Akisophel Kisolo, A. and Ireeta, T.W. (2015). Telecommunication Frequency Band Spectrum Occupancy in Kampala Uganda, International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 4(9): 390-396.
Barnes, S.D., Janson van Vuuren, P.A. and Maharaj, B.T. (2013). Spectrum occupancy investigation:
Measurements in South Africa, Measurement, 46(9): 3098-3112
Chang, H-B. and Chen, K-C. (2010). Auction-Based Spectrum Management of Cognitive Radio Networks,†IEEE Transaction on Vehicular Technology, 59(4): 1923-1935.
Chen, R.; Park, J-M. and Reed, J.H. (2008). Defense against Primary User Emulation Attacks in Cognitive Radio Networks, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 26(1): 25-37.
ComReg-1650 (2016). Radio Spectrum Management Strategy Statement 2016-2018, pp. 1-70, Online [Available]: https://www.comreg.ie/media/dlm_uploads/2016/12/ComReg-1650-design.pdf. Accessed on March 11, 2017.
Giweli, N., Shahrestani, S. and Cheung, H. (2015). Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks: QoS Considerations, in Proceedings of Seventh International Conference on Networks and Communications, Sydney, Australia, 2015. DOI : 10.5121/csit.2015.51602.
Haykin, S. (2005). Cognitive Radio: Brain-Empowered Wireless Communications, IEEE IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 23(2): 201-220.
Jayavalan, S., Mohamad, H., Aripin, N.M., Ismail, A., Ramli, N., Yaacob, A. and Ng., M.A. (2014). Lecture Notes on Software Engineering, 2(2): 133-138.
Jondral, F.K. (2005). Software-Defined Radio — Basic and Evolution to Cognitive Radio. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communication and Networking, 3: 275-283.
Lataief, K. B. and Zhang, W. (2009). Cooperative communications for cognitive radio networks, Proceedings of the IEEE, 97(5): 878–893.
Lopez-Benitez, M., Umbert, A. and Casadevall, F. (2009). Evaluation of Spectrum Occupancy in Spain for Cognitive Radio Applications, in Proceedings of 69th IEEE Vehicular Technology, Barcelona, Spain, 26-29 April 2009, pp. 1-5. DOI: 10.1109/VETECS.2009.5073544.
Mehdawi, M., Riley, N., Paulson, K., Fanan, A. and Ammar, M. (2013). Spectrum Occupancy Survey in HULL-UK for Cognitive Radio Applications: Measurement and Analysis, International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 2(4): 231-236.
Minges, M. (2016). Exploring the Relationship between Broadband and Economic Growth, World Development Report, pp. 1-21. Online [Available]: http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/391452529895999/WDR16-BP-Exploring-the-Relationship-between-Broadband-and-Economic-Growth-Minges.pdf. Accessed on March 11, 2017.
Popoola, J.J., Ogunlana, O.A., Ajie, F.O., Olakunle, O., Akiogbe, O.A., Ani-Initi, S.M. and Omotola, S.K. (2016). Dynamic spectrum access: A new paradigm of converting radio spectrum wastage to wealth. International Journal of Engineering Technologies, 2(3): 124-131.
Popoola, J.J. and van Olst. R. (2014). A Survey on Dynamic Spectrum Access via Cognitive Radio: Taxonomy, Requirements, and Benefits. Universal Journal of Communications and Network, 2(4): 70-85
Popoola, J. J. and van Olst, R. (2013). The performance evaluation of a spectrum sensing implementation using an automatic modulation classification detection method with a Universal Software Radio Peripheral. Expert Sy stems with Applications, 40(6): 2165-2173.
Popoola, J.J., Ponnle, A.A. and Ale, T.O. (2011). Reliability worth assessment of electric power utility in Nigeria: Residential customer survey
results. Assumption University Journal of Technology, 14(3): 217-224.
Popoola, J. J. and van Olst, R. (2011). A novel modulation-sensing method: Remedy for uncertainty around the practical use of cognitive radio technology. IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, 6(3): 60–69.
Popoola, J.J. and van Olst, R. (2010). Dynamic Spectrum Access as an Alternative Radio Spectrum Regulation System, in Proceedings of 2nd IEEE Region 8 History of Telecommunications Conference, Madrid, Spain, Nov. 3-5 2010. DOI: 10.1109/HISTELCON.2010.5735308.
Prasad,V., Pawelczak, P., Hoffmeyer, J.A. and Berger, H.S. (2008). Cognitive Functionality in Next Generation Wireless Networks: Standardization Efforts, IEEE Communications Magazine, 46(4): 72-78.
Salisu, U. and Ibrahim, E.Y. (2014). Institutions, Telecommunications and Economic Performance in Nigeria, Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 5(18): 110-122.
Valenta, V., Marsalek, R., Baudoin, G., Villegas, M., Suarez, M. and Robert, F. (2010). Survey on Spectrum Utilization in Europe: Measurements, Analyses and Observations, in Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications, Cannes, France, 9-11 June 2010, 1-5. Online [Available]: http://eudl.eu/doi/10.4108/icst.crowncom2010.9220. Accessed on March 11, 2017.
Wang, B. and Liu, K.J.R. (2011). Advances in Cognitive Radio Networks: A Survey, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, 5(1): 5-23.
.
Akyildiz, I.F., Lee, W-Y., Vuran, M.C. and Mohanty, S. (2008). A Survey on Spectrum Management in Cognitive Radio Networks, IEEE Communications Magazine, 46(4): 40-48.
Akyildiz, I.F., Lee, W-Y., Vuran, M.C. and Mohanty, S. (2006). Next Generation/Dynamic Spectrum Access/Cognitive Radio Wireless Networks: A Survey, Computer Networks, 50(13): 2127-2159.
Ayeni, A.A., Faruk, N., Bello, O.W., Sowande, O.A., Onidare, S.O. and Muhammad, M.Y. (2016). Spectrum Occupancy Measurenets and Analysis in the 2.4 2.7 GHz Band in Urban and Rural Environments, International Journal of Future Computer and Communication, 5(3): 142147.
Ayugi, G., Akisophel Kisolo, A. and Ireeta, T.W. (2015). Telecommunication Frequency Band Spectrum Occupancy in Kampala Uganda, International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 4(9): 390-396.
Barnes, S.D., Janson van Vuuren, P.A. and Maharaj, B.T. (2013). Spectrum occupancy investigation:
Measurements in South Africa, Measurement, 46(9): 3098-3112
Chang, H-B. and Chen, K-C. (2010). Auction-Based Spectrum Management of Cognitive Radio Networks,†IEEE Transaction on Vehicular Technology, 59(4): 1923-1935.
Chen, R.; Park, J-M. and Reed, J.H. (2008). Defense against Primary User Emulation Attacks in Cognitive Radio Networks, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 26(1): 25-37.
ComReg-1650 (2016). Radio Spectrum Management Strategy Statement 2016-2018, pp. 1-70, Online [Available]: https://www.comreg.ie/media/dlm_uploads/2016/12/ComReg-1650-design.pdf. Accessed on March 11, 2017.
Giweli, N., Shahrestani, S. and Cheung, H. (2015). Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks: QoS Considerations, in Proceedings of Seventh International Conference on Networks and Communications, Sydney, Australia, 2015. DOI : 10.5121/csit.2015.51602.
Haykin, S. (2005). Cognitive Radio: Brain-Empowered Wireless Communications, IEEE IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 23(2): 201-220.
Jayavalan, S., Mohamad, H., Aripin, N.M., Ismail, A., Ramli, N., Yaacob, A. and Ng., M.A. (2014). Lecture Notes on Software Engineering, 2(2): 133-138.
Jondral, F.K. (2005). Software-Defined Radio — Basic and Evolution to Cognitive Radio. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communication and Networking, 3: 275-283.
Lataief, K. B. and Zhang, W. (2009). Cooperative communications for cognitive radio networks, Proceedings of the IEEE, 97(5): 878–893.
Lopez-Benitez, M., Umbert, A. and Casadevall, F. (2009). Evaluation of Spectrum Occupancy in Spain for Cognitive Radio Applications, in Proceedings of 69th IEEE Vehicular Technology, Barcelona, Spain, 26-29 April 2009, pp. 1-5. DOI: 10.1109/VETECS.2009.5073544.
Mehdawi, M., Riley, N., Paulson, K., Fanan, A. and Ammar, M. (2013). Spectrum Occupancy Survey in HULL-UK for Cognitive Radio Applications: Measurement and Analysis, International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 2(4): 231-236.
Minges, M. (2016). Exploring the Relationship between Broadband and Economic Growth, World Development Report, pp. 1-21. Online [Available]: http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/391452529895999/WDR16-BP-Exploring-the-Relationship-between-Broadband-and-Economic-Growth-Minges.pdf. Accessed on March 11, 2017.
Popoola, J.J., Ogunlana, O.A., Ajie, F.O., Olakunle, O., Akiogbe, O.A., Ani-Initi, S.M. and Omotola, S.K. (2016). Dynamic spectrum access: A new paradigm of converting radio spectrum wastage to wealth. International Journal of Engineering Technologies, 2(3): 124-131.
Popoola, J.J. and van Olst. R. (2014). A Survey on Dynamic Spectrum Access via Cognitive Radio: Taxonomy, Requirements, and Benefits. Universal Journal of Communications and Network, 2(4): 70-85
Popoola, J. J. and van Olst, R. (2013). The performance evaluation of a spectrum sensing implementation using an automatic modulation classification detection method with a Universal Software Radio Peripheral. Expert Sy stems with Applications, 40(6): 2165-2173.
Popoola, J.J., Ponnle, A.A. and Ale, T.O. (2011). Reliability worth assessment of electric power utility in Nigeria: Residential customer survey
results. Assumption University Journal of Technology, 14(3): 217-224.
Popoola, J. J. and van Olst, R. (2011). A novel modulation-sensing method: Remedy for uncertainty around the practical use of cognitive radio technology. IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, 6(3): 60–69.
Popoola, J.J. and van Olst, R. (2010). Dynamic Spectrum Access as an Alternative Radio Spectrum Regulation System, in Proceedings of 2nd IEEE Region 8 History of Telecommunications Conference, Madrid, Spain, Nov. 3-5 2010. DOI: 10.1109/HISTELCON.2010.5735308.
Prasad,V., Pawelczak, P., Hoffmeyer, J.A. and Berger, H.S. (2008). Cognitive Functionality in Next Generation Wireless Networks: Standardization Efforts, IEEE Communications Magazine, 46(4): 72-78.
Salisu, U. and Ibrahim, E.Y. (2014). Institutions, Telecommunications and Economic Performance in Nigeria, Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 5(18): 110-122.
Valenta, V., Marsalek, R., Baudoin, G., Villegas, M., Suarez, M. and Robert, F. (2010). Survey on Spectrum Utilization in Europe: Measurements, Analyses and Observations, in Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications, Cannes, France, 9-11 June 2010, 1-5. Online [Available]: http://eudl.eu/doi/10.4108/icst.crowncom2010.9220. Accessed on March 11, 2017.
Wang, B. and Liu, K.J.R. (2011). Advances in Cognitive Radio Networks: A Survey, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, 5(1): 5-23.
.
Akyildiz, I.F., Lee, W-Y. and Chowdhury, K.R. (2009). CRAHNs: Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks, Ad Hoc Network, 7(5): 810-836.
Akyildiz, I.F., Lee, W-Y., Vuran, M.C. and Mohanty, S. (2008). A Survey on Spectrum Management in Cognitive Radio Networks, IEEE Communications Magazine, 46(4): 40-48.
Akyildiz, I.F., Lee, W-Y., Vuran, M.C. and Mohanty, S. (2006). Next Generation/Dynamic Spectrum Access/Cognitive Radio Wireless Networks: A Survey, Computer Networks, 50(13): 2127-2159.
Ayeni, A.A., Faruk, N., Bello, O.W., Sowande, O.A., Onidare, S.O. and Muhammad, M.Y. (2016). Spectrum Occupancy Measurenets and Analysis in the 2.4 2.7 GHz Band in Urban and Rural Environments, International Journal of Future Computer and Communication, 5(3): 142147.
Ayugi, G., Akisophel Kisolo, A. and Ireeta, T.W. (2015). Telecommunication Frequency Band Spectrum Occupancy in Kampala Uganda, International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 4(9): 390-396.
Barnes, S.D., Janson van Vuuren, P.A. and Maharaj, B.T. (2013). Spectrum occupancy investigation:
Measurements in South Africa, Measurement, 46(9): 3098-3112
Chang, H-B. and Chen, K-C. (2010). Auction-Based Spectrum Management of Cognitive Radio Networks,†IEEE Transaction on Vehicular Technology, 59(4): 1923-1935.
Chen, R.; Park, J-M. and Reed, J.H. (2008). Defense against Primary User Emulation Attacks in Cognitive Radio Networks, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 26(1): 25-37.
ComReg-1650 (2016). Radio Spectrum Management Strategy Statement 2016-2018, pp. 1-70, Online [Available]: https://www.comreg.ie/media/dlm_uploads/2016/12/ComReg-1650-design.pdf. Accessed on March 11, 2017.
Giweli, N., Shahrestani, S. and Cheung, H. (2015). Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks: QoS Considerations, in Proceedings of Seventh International Conference on Networks and Communications, Sydney, Australia, 2015. DOI : 10.5121/csit.2015.51602.
Haykin, S. (2005). Cognitive Radio: Brain-Empowered Wireless Communications, IEEE IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 23(2): 201-220.
Jayavalan, S., Mohamad, H., Aripin, N.M., Ismail, A., Ramli, N., Yaacob, A. and Ng., M.A. (2014). Lecture Notes on Software Engineering, 2(2): 133-138.
Jondral, F.K. (2005). Software-Defined Radio — Basic and Evolution to Cognitive Radio. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communication and Networking, 3: 275-283.
Lataief, K. B. and Zhang, W. (2009). Cooperative communications for cognitive radio networks, Proceedings of the IEEE, 97(5): 878–893.
Lopez-Benitez, M., Umbert, A. and Casadevall, F. (2009). Evaluation of Spectrum Occupancy in Spain for Cognitive Radio Applications, in Proceedings of 69th IEEE Vehicular Technology, Barcelona, Spain, 26-29 April 2009, pp. 1-5. DOI: 10.1109/VETECS.2009.5073544.
Mehdawi, M., Riley, N., Paulson, K., Fanan, A. and Ammar, M. (2013). Spectrum Occupancy Survey in HULL-UK for Cognitive Radio Applications: Measurement and Analysis, International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 2(4): 231-236.
Minges, M. (2016). Exploring the Relationship between Broadband and Economic Growth, World Development Report, pp. 1-21. Online [Available]: http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/391452529895999/WDR16-BP-Exploring-the-Relationship-between-Broadband-and-Economic-Growth-Minges.pdf. Accessed on March 11, 2017.
Popoola, J.J., Ogunlana, O.A., Ajie, F.O., Olakunle, O., Akiogbe, O.A., Ani-Initi, S.M. and Omotola, S.K. (2016). Dynamic spectrum access: A new paradigm of converting radio spectrum wastage to wealth. International Journal of Engineering Technologies, 2(3): 124-131.
Popoola, J.J. and van Olst. R. (2014). A Survey on Dynamic Spectrum Access via Cognitive Radio: Taxonomy, Requirements, and Benefits. Universal Journal of Communications and Network, 2(4): 70-85
Popoola, J. J. and van Olst, R. (2013). The performance evaluation of a spectrum sensing implementation using an automatic modulation classification detection method with a Universal Software Radio Peripheral. Expert Sy stems with Applications, 40(6): 2165-2173.
Popoola, J.J., Ponnle, A.A. and Ale, T.O. (2011). Reliability worth assessment of electric power utility in Nigeria: Residential customer survey
results. Assumption University Journal of Technology, 14(3): 217-224.
Popoola, J. J. and van Olst, R. (2011). A novel modulation-sensing method: Remedy for uncertainty around the practical use of cognitive radio technology. IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, 6(3): 60–69.
Popoola, J.J. and van Olst, R. (2010). Dynamic Spectrum Access as an Alternative Radio Spectrum Regulation System, in Proceedings of 2nd IEEE Region 8 History of Telecommunications Conference, Madrid, Spain, Nov. 3-5 2010. DOI: 10.1109/HISTELCON.2010.5735308.
Prasad,V., Pawelczak, P., Hoffmeyer, J.A. and Berger, H.S. (2008). Cognitive Functionality in Next Generation Wireless Networks: Standardization Efforts, IEEE Communications Magazine, 46(4): 72-78.
Salisu, U. and Ibrahim, E.Y. (2014). Institutions, Telecommunications and Economic Performance in Nigeria, Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 5(18): 110-122.
Valenta, V., Marsalek, R., Baudoin, G., Villegas, M., Suarez, M. and Robert, F. (2010). Survey on Spectrum Utilization in Europe: Measurements, Analyses and Observations, in Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications, Cannes, France, 9-11 June 2010, 1-5. Online [Available]: http://eudl.eu/doi/10.4108/icst.crowncom2010.9220. Accessed on March 11, 2017.
Wang, B. and Liu, K.J.R. (2011). Advances in Cognitive Radio Networks: A Survey, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, 5(1): 5-23.
.
Akyildiz, I.F., Lee, W-Y. and Chowdhury, K.R. (2009). CRAHNs: Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks, Ad Hoc Network, 7(5): 810-836.
Akyildiz, I.F., Lee, W-Y., Vuran, M.C. and Mohanty, S. (2008). A Survey on Spectrum Management in Cognitive Radio Networks, IEEE Communications Magazine, 46(4): 40-48.
Akyildiz, I.F., Lee, W-Y., Vuran, M.C. and Mohanty, S. (2006). Next Generation/Dynamic Spectrum Access/Cognitive Radio Wireless Networks: A Survey, Computer Networks, 50(13): 2127-2159.
Ayeni, A.A., Faruk, N., Bello, O.W., Sowande, O.A., Onidare, S.O. and Muhammad, M.Y. (2016). Spectrum Occupancy Measurenets and Analysis in the 2.4 2.7 GHz Band in Urban and Rural Environments, International Journal of Future Computer and Communication, 5(3): 142147.
Ayugi, G., Akisophel Kisolo, A. and Ireeta, T.W. (2015). Telecommunication Frequency Band Spectrum Occupancy in Kampala Uganda, International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 4(9): 390-396.
Barnes, S.D., Janson van Vuuren, P.A. and Maharaj, B.T. (2013). Spectrum occupancy investigation:
Measurements in South Africa, Measurement, 46(9): 3098-3112
Chang, H-B. and Chen, K-C. (2010). Auction-Based Spectrum Management of Cognitive Radio Networks,†IEEE Transaction on Vehicular Technology, 59(4): 1923-1935.
Chen, R.; Park, J-M. and Reed, J.H. (2008). Defense against Primary User Emulation Attacks in Cognitive Radio Networks, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 26(1): 25-37.
ComReg-1650 (2016). Radio Spectrum Management Strategy Statement 2016-2018, pp. 1-70, Online [Available]: https://www.comreg.ie/media/dlm_uploads/2016/12/ComReg-1650-design.pdf. Accessed on March 11, 2017.
Giweli, N., Shahrestani, S. and Cheung, H. (2015). Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks: QoS Considerations, in Proceedings of Seventh International Conference on Networks and Communications, Sydney, Australia, 2015. DOI : 10.5121/csit.2015.51602.
Haykin, S. (2005). Cognitive Radio: Brain-Empowered Wireless Communications, IEEE IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 23(2): 201-220.
Jayavalan, S., Mohamad, H., Aripin, N.M., Ismail, A., Ramli, N., Yaacob, A. and Ng., M.A. (2014). Lecture Notes on Software Engineering, 2(2): 133-138.
Jondral, F.K. (2005). Software-Defined Radio — Basic and Evolution to Cognitive Radio. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communication and Networking, 3: 275-283.
Lataief, K. B. and Zhang, W. (2009). Cooperative communications for cognitive radio networks, Proceedings of the IEEE, 97(5): 878–893.
Lopez-Benitez, M., Umbert, A. and Casadevall, F. (2009). Evaluation of Spectrum Occupancy in Spain for Cognitive Radio Applications, in Proceedings of 69th IEEE Vehicular Technology, Barcelona, Spain, 26-29 April 2009, pp. 1-5. DOI: 10.1109/VETECS.2009.5073544.
Mehdawi, M., Riley, N., Paulson, K., Fanan, A. and Ammar, M. (2013). Spectrum Occupancy Survey in HULL-UK for Cognitive Radio Applications: Measurement and Analysis, International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 2(4): 231-236.
Minges, M. (2016). Exploring the Relationship between Broadband and Economic Growth, World Development Report, pp. 1-21. Online [Available]: http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/391452529895999/WDR16-BP-Exploring-the-Relationship-between-Broadband-and-Economic-Growth-Minges.pdf. Accessed on March 11, 2017.
Popoola, J.J., Ogunlana, O.A., Ajie, F.O., Olakunle, O., Akiogbe, O.A., Ani-Initi, S.M. and Omotola, S.K. (2016). Dynamic spectrum access: A new paradigm of converting radio spectrum wastage to wealth. International Journal of Engineering Technologies, 2(3): 124-131.
Popoola, J.J. and van Olst. R. (2014). A Survey on Dynamic Spectrum Access via Cognitive Radio: Taxonomy, Requirements, and Benefits. Universal Journal of Communications and Network, 2(4): 70-85
Popoola, J. J. and van Olst, R. (2013). The performance evaluation of a spectrum sensing implementation using an automatic modulation classification detection method with a Universal Software Radio Peripheral. Expert Sy stems with Applications, 40(6): 2165-2173.
Popoola, J.J., Ponnle, A.A. and Ale, T.O. (2011). Reliability worth assessment of electric power utility in Nigeria: Residential customer survey
results. Assumption University Journal of Technology, 14(3): 217-224.
Popoola, J. J. and van Olst, R. (2011). A novel modulation-sensing method: Remedy for uncertainty around the practical use of cognitive radio technology. IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, 6(3): 60–69.
Popoola, J.J. and van Olst, R. (2010). Dynamic Spectrum Access as an Alternative Radio Spectrum Regulation System, in Proceedings of 2nd IEEE Region 8 History of Telecommunications Conference, Madrid, Spain, Nov. 3-5 2010. DOI: 10.1109/HISTELCON.2010.5735308.
Prasad,V., Pawelczak, P., Hoffmeyer, J.A. and Berger, H.S. (2008). Cognitive Functionality in Next Generation Wireless Networks: Standardization Efforts, IEEE Communications Magazine, 46(4): 72-78.
Salisu, U. and Ibrahim, E.Y. (2014). Institutions, Telecommunications and Economic Performance in Nigeria, Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 5(18): 110-122.
Valenta, V., Marsalek, R., Baudoin, G., Villegas, M., Suarez, M. and Robert, F. (2010). Survey on Spectrum Utilization in Europe: Measurements, Analyses and Observations, in Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications, Cannes, France, 9-11 June 2010, 1-5. Online [Available]: http://eudl.eu/doi/10.4108/icst.crowncom2010.9220. Accessed on March 11, 2017.
Wang, B. and Liu, K.J.R. (2011). Advances in Cognitive Radio Networks: A Survey, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, 5(1): 5-23.
.
Downloads
Published
2019-04-29
Issue
Section
Articles
License
Copyright
With the submission of a manuscript, the corresponding author confirms that the manuscript is not under consideration by another journal. With the acceptance of a manuscript, the Journal reserves the exclusive right of publication and dissemination of the information contained in the article. The veracity of the paper and all the claims therein is solely the opinion of the authors not the journal.
