Characterization of Ado-Ekiti River Sand for foundry applications
Keywords:
Noise, Quarry, effects, workers, questionnaireAbstract
Suitability assessment of samples of sand from flowing rivers within Ado-Ekiti was conducted to determine their properties in line with America Foundry Standard (AFS). Four rivers were identified. Samples of sand were collected from the rivers. The rivers were Omisanjana, Oke-Ireje, Odo-ayo and Ogbese. The samples were prepared before tests. Laboratories tests were carried out such as chemical composition of the samples, moisture contents, refractoriness, bulk density and compressive strength. The results obtained in each of the tests fell within the recommended range for foundry operations. In case where there is deviation, the Ogbese river sand could be improved upon with additives. Ado-Ekiti samples of river sand could be adopted as moulding sands for foundry applications based on the results that are within the standard ranges; such as bulk density of 9.7 to 13.4glcm3 moisture content of 4.5 to 8.5%, flowability of 50 to 68%, clay content of 8.5 to 13.4%, grain.fineness number of 55 to 85, permeability of 50 to 58cm3/min, green (wet) and dry shatter indexes of 0.46 to 0.68 and 0.69 to 0.89 respectively, green and dry compressive strength of 25 to 60KN/mnl and 80 to 100N/mnl respectively.
References
Adesina, A.S. (2010): Investigation into the effect of Agricultural by-products as additives on foundry properties of Odota River Sand. Journal of Science and technology, Duncan Science publication, Uyo, Nigeria. 5(3), 67-74
Adesina, A.S. and Adegbite, (2013): Engineering Characterization of Tsaragi River Sand for moulding in Foundry Work. Journal of Research and Development. 5( I), 20-27.
Agha, 0. A. (1998) Testing of Local Refractory Clays for Producing Furnace Lining Bricks. M. Eng. Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria.
American Foundry-Men Society Standards ((AFS), 1989) Mould and Core Testing Handbook, 2nd Ed: Foseco Ltd Permgamon Press Oxford England.
Aniyi, J.A. and Adewara, J.O.T. (1986): Refractory properties of Kankara clay. Proceedings of I0th Annual Conference of Nigeria Metal Society. 2, 291-305.
Atanda, D. and Ibitoye, M. (2004) An Appraisal of Foundry Industries in Nigeria,A Way Forward, Proceeding of the 3rd Nigerian Materials Congress (NIMACON) and Meeting of the Nigerian Materials Research Society (Nigerian-MRS). 22-29.
Attah, L. E. (2008) Composition and Physical Properties of some Clays of River State, Nigeria. African Research Review, 2( I) , 84-93.
Ayodele C. 0 . and Fakolade, R. 0 . (2014) Electrical Anisotropy of Crystalline Basement Rock around lye, Ekiti State. Proc. of Journal of Engineering and Earth Science of Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekit i State, 8(1), 68-74.
Bums, T. A. (1986) Foseco Foundry man's Handbook, 9th Ed: Foseco (A.F.S.) Ltd. Tamworth Staffordshire Pergamum Press Oxford England. 435
Irabor, P.S.A. (2002): Physical and chemical investigation on some Nigerian kaolin clays for use in the ceramic and allied Industries . Journal of the Nigerian Council of Engineering Research Development. 1(1). 54-59.
Khanna, 0 . P. (2014) A Text Book of Foundry Technology, Revised Ed. 18th Reprint, Dhanpat Rai Publications (p) Ltd. Taj Press, New Delhi. 833.
Nwajagwu, C. 0 . (1994) Foundry Theory and Practice. First Ed. A BC Publishers Ltd, Enugu, Nigeria.
Oke, A.O. and Omidiji, B.V. (2016) : Investigation of Some Moulding Properties of Nigerian Clay-Bonded Sand. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 16(3), 71-76.
Omidiji, B.V. Khan, R.H. and Abolarin, M.S. (2016): Silica - Kaolin Mix Effect on Evaporative Pattern Castings Surface Roughness. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 16(3), 83-88.
Omidiji, B.V., Owolabi, H.A. and Khan, R.H. (2015): Application of Taguchi's approach for obtaining mechanical properties and microstructures of evaporative pattern castings . The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 79, 461-468
Omowumi, O.J. (200 I): Characterization of some Nigerian clay as refractory materials for furnace lining. Nigerian Journal for Engineering Management. 2(3), 9-I3.
Rao, P.N. (2001). Manufacturing Technology - Foundry, Forming and Welding, 2nded. Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, India.
Raw Material Research and Development Council (RMRDC), (1990) 1st Ed: 18-22.
Shuaib-Babata and Olumodeji (2014) Analysis of Ilorin Sand Moulding Properties for Foundry Application, Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, 3, 1520-1526.
Tokan, A., Adelemoni, E. A. and Datau, S. G, (2004) Mould Characteristics of Azare Foundry Sand, Journal of Raw Material Research (JORMAR), 1(1), 67-78.
Ukachi, P., (2002) Essentials of Foundry Technology and Practice, Book I Green Line Pub lishers,Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, 135.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright
With the submission of a manuscript, the corresponding author confirms that the manuscript is not under consideration by another journal. With the acceptance of a manuscript, the Journal reserves the exclusive right of publication and dissemination of the information contained in the article. The veracity of the paper and all the claims therein is solely the opinion of the authors not the journal.