Optimization of Coagulation-Flocculation Process for the Treatment of Wastewater Using Inorganic and Three Natural Coagulants
Keywords:
Organic Coagulants, Inorganic Coagulants, Wastewater treatment, Floc formation SupernatantAbstract
This paper presents the coagulant activity of three organic coagulants namely; Abelmoschus esculentus (okra mucilage), Bridelia ferruginea (tree bark extract) and Ficus exasperata (sand-paper ï¬g-tree) bark extract was investigated and their efficiency in treating both industrial and domestic wastewater was compared to inorganic chemical coagulant (Aluminum sulphate). The tests were conducted using the jar test apparatus where 250 ml of wastewater was initially coagulated with 100 ml of Al2(SO4)3 as control. Thereafter, varying percentages of the three organic coagulants were used as partial replacement for Al2(SO4)3 in the mixture at intervals of 10% (from 0% -100%). For the cassava wastewater (industrial) with an initial turbidity of 168 NTU, results show that the lowest turbidity attained upon application of the three organic coagulants was 6 NTU at a pH of 2.50. This was achieved when 40% of Bridelia ferrugineae extract was used as partial replacement for Al2(SO4)3. For the domestic wastewater with an initial turbidity of 125 NTU, results show that the lowest turbidity attained upon application of the three organic coagulants was 8 NTU at a pH of 3.04. This was achieved when 90% of Bridelia ferrugineae extract was used as partial replacement for Al2(SO4)3. The results have shown that the organic coagulants employed in this study can be used as partial replacement for inorganic coagulant. This will help mitigate the negative effects associated with the use of inorganic coagulant in the treatment of wastewater.
References
Ajibade, F. O. and Adewumi, J. R. (2017). Performance Evaluation of Aquatic Macrophytes in a Constructed Wetland for Municipal Wastewater Treatment FUTA JEET 11(1), 1 - 11
Antov, M. G., Sciban, M. B., and Prodanovic, J. M. (2012). Evaluation of the efficiency of natural coagulant obtained by ultra-ï¬ltration of common bean seed extract in water turbidity removal. Ecology Engineering 49, 48–52.
Betatache, H., Aouabed, A., Drouiche, N. Lounici, H. (2014). Conditioning of sewage sludge by prickly pear cactus (Opuntia ï¬cus Indica) juice. Journal of Ecological Engineering 70, 465–469.
Bondy, S.C. (2010). The neuro toxicity of environmental aluminium is still an issue. Neuro- toxicology 31, 575 – 581
De Souza, M. T. F., Ambrosio, E., Freitas, T. K. F. S., Santos, L. B., Almeida V. C., and Garcia, J. C. (2014). The use of a natural coagulant (Opuntia ï¬cus-indica) in the removal of organic materials of textile effluents. Environmental Monitoring Assessment 186, 5261–5271
Jodi, M. L., Birnin-Yauri, U. A., Yahaya, Y., Sokoto, M. A. (2012). The use of some plants in water puriï¬cation. Global Advancement Resources. Journal of Chemical Material Science 1 (4), 71–75.
Mallevialle, J., Brichet, A. and Fiessinger, F. (1987). How safe are organic polymers in water treatment. Journal of America Water Works Association 76, 87–93.
Sciban, M., Klasnja, M., Antov, M. and Skrbic, B. (2009). Removal of water turbidity by natural coagulants obtained from chestnut and acorn. Bio- resources Technology 100 (24), 6639–6643
Teh, C. Y., Wu, T. Y. and Juan, J. C. (2014). Potential use of rice starch in coagulation–flocculation process of agro-industrial wastewater treatment performance and flocs characterization Ecological Engineering 71, 509–519.1983
Yin, C. Y. (2010). Emerging usage of plant-based coagulants for water and wastewater treatment. Process Bio-chem. 45, 1437–1444.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright
With the submission of a manuscript, the corresponding author confirms that the manuscript is not under consideration by another journal. With the acceptance of a manuscript, the Journal reserves the exclusive right of publication and dissemination of the information contained in the article. The veracity of the paper and all the claims therein is solely the opinion of the authors not the journal.